A influência da produção agropecuária na dinâmica econômica e demográfica da região do COREDE Central do Rio Grande do Sul - Brasil.

Abstract

The history of formation of the State of Rio Grande do Sul fostered a division in its rural areas. For some times it established the large property, a little productive and which aimed the geopolitical security in southern Brazil. However, with the German and Italian settlers, it was a different process: it was structured the small polycultures property which aimed to occupy unoccupied landsin a distinct manner from the one previously performed. Historical and material perspective, that forged the rural areas of the state and still reverberates in the ways the agricultural activities are performed and results in distinct demographic and economic dynamics. Thus, this research aims to analyze the ways in which the agricultural production, considering the family farming and agribusiness, influenced the economic and demographic dynamics in the COREDE Central Region of Rio Grande do Sul. In order to achieve this goal, it was carried out a literature review about organizing themes of the research, as a territory, region and regionalization. Furthermore, it was sought in the formation history of Rio Grande do Sul, in particular during European occupation, the structural basis for the heterogeneous condition that is in the middle of the agrarian state and by extension in COREDE Central Region. From a theoretical characterization of the main characteristics and peculiarities of family farming and agribusiness, it was sought for information on secondary data that would help in determining the agricultural practice in the majority of municipalities in the region, resulting in three groups of municipalities: family farming, agribusiness and less dynamic family farming. This regionalization was the basis for the analysis of economic and demographic dynamics of the municipalities. Among the municipalities of family farming perceives a specialization in a superior range of crops and livestock in perspective to other municipalities, however there is a considerable production of products targeting the large market, demonstrating the current state of family farming, which has a production of food for own consumption and local market / regional - enabling the creation of jobs in the secondary sector and tertiary - and growing genres in the domestic / international with a demographic that is divided between urban and rural population. The agribusiness group showed up with strong expertise in soybean production for the international market, with a range of services - with a large proportion of the population in urban areas - and that structure enables the polarization across the less dynamic group of family farming, which turn transfers its significant production of soybeans for these municipalities, without boosting its economy, and its population mostly in rural areas.