Análise da situação habitacional da população de baixa renda e o problema de exclusão social no município de Novo Hamburgo - RS.

Abstract

This dissertation discusses housing developments concerning the lower classes population living in authorized and non-authorized areas and its relation with the social exclusion process in the city of Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul. We understand that social exclusion is a relevant and frequent phenomenon in the contextualization of the housing deficit, which promotes the increase of residents in non-authorized areas. This is a situation faced by every big city in the country. Based on this point, the objective of our dissertation is to analyze indicators of social exclusion such as employment, income, educational level and access to basic services, comparing the population living in authorized areas with the ones living in non-authorized areas. The research is based on descriptive methodology, using quantitative and qualitative analysis, consisting in a comparative study between two specific areas, one authorized with intervention of the public administration and the other occupied without authorization or any intervention of the public administration. These areas are called respectively Kephas and Nova Esperança. The second is partially located in an APP (Area of Permanent Preservation). The reason for the selection of these two areas is due to the similarity regarding aspects such as history, geography, ethnical origin and social background. The research consisted in interviews with open and closed questions. The main conclusion of this study is that low income people living in non-authorized housing developments show a higher level of social exclusion, considering indicators of employment, income, level of education, sewage facilities and other basic services, when compared to similar population living in housing developments organized by the public administration.