Estrutura agrária e reconfiguração fundiária : o caso da região do COREDE Norte/RS.

Abstract

This study tried to analyze, through a systematization of information in a region level, the agrarian structure at the Conselho Regional de Desenvolvimento Norte do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul region (COREDE Norte/RS), emphasizing the processes of land reconfiguration and alterations in the usage of the land occurred between 1992 and 2006. We go based, to this, in a descriptive-comparative approach, reasoned in a study case and, in secondoray information, collected mainly at the Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária (INCRA) and at the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). The research procedures were based in the verification of the indicators of land concentration, through the calculation of Gini index, in the verification and comparison between the number and area of the rural properties and the agricultural establishments and in the identification of the alterations of the land profile in the region. These procedures allowed, together with the identification of the usages and alterations in the standard usage of the land in the region, the verification of some relation among the indexes of land concentration and the specialization in certain usages of the land, as well, the elaboration of a regionalization as an expression of the processes of land reconfiguration and alterations on the usage of the land in the study period. As some results, we verified that the process of the land reconfiguration of COREDE Norte/RS region had as a main characteristic the land devolution; the reduction of the occupied lands as pasture; the reduction of the occupied lands with the cultivation of corn, soybean, bean, rice, cassava, potatoes, tangerine and grape; the increase of the occupied lands with the cultivation of wheat. barley, mate, orange, tobacco, peach and cane and the increase of the occupied lands with forests. As a conclusion , we pointed that the configuration of the land structure is a result and, at the same time, a condition either of the processes from the land usage or socioeconomic questions. In this aspect, the sense of causality of the land reconfiguration it is not precisely defined, but it can be said that it is influenced by many linked factors that, understood as a historical process, produce and suffer social, economic and environmental transformations in the region.