A teoria da base econômica e o desenvolvimento regional do Estado do Paraná no final do século XX.

Abstract

This research analyzed the dynamics of the economical base of the Comparable Minimal Areas (CMAs) of the Parana State in its movement of transition for an economy of urbanindustrial base, between 1970 and 2000. The theoretical contribution of Douglas North about the theory of economical base was used. This theory divides the economical activities of a region in basic and non-basic ones. The themes proposed in this research established three hypothesis: the theoretical contribution proposed by Douglas North is insufficient to explain the regional development of Parana State in Brazil; the profile of the regional development of the Comparable Minimal Areas of the Paraná State is linked to the generation of jobs in the base activities, that multiply jobs in the non-basic activities; the most dynamic the base activities are, in which the region specializes itself, the fairest and the most disseminated the capacity to multiply the jobs in other areas of activities linked to this basic activity and the most the regional productive structure enlarges the post of work, the biggest is the capacity of the regional economy to induce the urban activities. The method used to validate the hypothesis or to satisfy the objectives of the research was the regional analyze, through location, specialization and job multiplier measures. This instrumental identified the basic and non-basic activities, its capacity to create jobs, as well as the pattern of specialization and concentration of the sector of productive activities in the CMAs of Paraná State. The used base variable was the Economically Active Population (EAP), employed by sectors of activities of each CMA, according to data provided by the IBGE. The results investigated by the survey demonstrated that most of the CMAs of Paraná State strengthened a urbanindustrial continuum amplified and diversified in its productive base. The regional development process of Paraná State, in the Theory of Economical Base, from the expansion and the diffusion of the sectors of basic activities, wasn’t regionally neutral. The basic industrial activities were strengthened in the CMAs integrated by the transport net. Beyond that, the most diversified CMAs in term of occupation of the manpower were the ones in which the basic activities had more impulse in the non-basic activities. The most dynamic and the most able to multiply jobs in other sectors integrated to these base activities, the biggest the capacity of the CMA to induce the sectors of urban activities is. The CMAs of Paraná State depend on jobs generated in the basic activities and from their capacity to spread out in the geographical space during the time with the urban activities (industries, services and business) to strengthen the regional development. The reinforcement of the development of the Paraná State CMAs economy, at the end of the 20th century, happened, thus, due to the capacity of the economical base of the CMAs (regions) to maintain, to spread and to diversify the sectors of basic activities inducing the non-basic activities. The capacity of the basic activities to propagate and to enlarge the jobs multiplier effect in the regional space of Paraná State explains the disparities among the urban-industrial structures in the CMAs. This way, the regional economies advance depends on the capacity to enlarge, to spread out and to make the transition from the basic agribusiness activities to the urban activities.