Utilização de fungos para biodegradação de corantes têxteis sintéticos.

Abstract

The development of a region is understood in this study as the result of a series of quali-quantitative transformations that translate themselves in the society. However, the industrialized regions, when not worried to the ambient question, can compromise its natural aspects, unchaining a series of ambient impacts. In this direction, the form of disposal of the industrial effluents must be inserted in the regional strategies, as well as in the productive matrix. Considering the treatment of the textile industrial effluents, that contains high loads of dyes, proceeding from losses during the coloration processes, this study has for objective, using the Inductive Experimental Method, to verify the capacity of biodegradation of synthetic textile dyes, through the use of fungus. These dyes have structural characteristics that difficult its removal through the conventional ways, and for this reason, need specific techniques of treatment, capable to minimize possible enviromental risks. For such, during the period of March and April of 2003, in the Vale do Rio Pardo, samples of textile effluents, soil of tobacco farms and native forests, silt of lakes and “chorume” had been collected, totaling 40 samples. From the found fungus colonies were selected 17 more representative. Isolated, these colonies, had been submitted to the tests of discoloration with eight dyes commonly used by textile industries, located in the city of Santa Cruz do Sul. By means of the results of the tests, was verified the efficiency of three colonies of fungus in the discoloration. Of these only one was used, for the accomplishment of the tests of biodegradation of two dyes, those that had been more soluble, facilitating the preparation of the synthetic textile effluents in laboratory. Consequently, after taxonomical identification, was verified that the selected fungo belongs to the Aspergillus sort. The gotten results have demonstrated the high efficiency of this fungo, in the total degradation of the dyes in the synthetic textile effluent. It was still verified the capacity of this fungo, in the absorption of 86% and 91%, after a total period of 4 hours, respectively, of the dyes used in the preparation of the effluents. Rank this, it is estimated that any action in favor of the development of the regions must glimpse the implementation of technologies that tend to reduce the ambient problems, or either, by means of the use of conventional techniques (physical, chemistry, biological and physical-chemistry) that present proven efficiency.