O espaço agrário brasileiro na perspectiva conceitual : dos aspectos legais às implicações territoriais.

Abstract

Considering the modifications the occurred in the conceptual framework for interpreting the Brazilian agrarian reality in the last decades, this research aimed to analyze how the concepts and typologies, standardized by the Brazilian agrarian legislation, cover up the contradictory development process of capitalism in the countryside and contribute to maintain unaltered some agrarian characteristics in the country. In order to do that, we take support in the Marxist philosophical base, through the materialistic dialectic, which contemplates the idea that there is a concrete reality and that the apprehension of this reality is realized through is mental representation, considering the diachronic and synchronic dispositions in the characteristics, relations, mediations and contradictions that conform the current reality. In this particular point, we aim to interpret the theoretical/normative meaning of concepts and typologies, apprehending the abstract dimension of its construction/deconstruction/reconstruction process and establishing connections with the economical, political and historical context and the role of the many different subjects that partake the process and the agrarian reality of the country itself, made evident by the official statistics. In such, this researched was characterized as interpretative and descriptive, rooted in quantitative and qualitative information obtained by documents, bibliography and secondary statistic data. All data and information emphasize that the concepts and typologies conveyed in current legislation seem incomplete when used to interpret the Brazilian agrarian reality in its totality. The debates and confrontations analyzed throughout the 1988 Federal Constitution construction process, the process of regulation of constitutional dispositives related to the agrarian reform and the institutionalization of new concept emphasize strategies and intentions that were materialized as class aspirations, reflecting in terms, phrases and text choices with specific meanings to integrate the law content, in order to originate and motivate interpretative forms different from the territory, especially regarding agrarian configuration. In this context, however was verified the exclusion of some concepts from the law content, these would still be present in the Brazilian territory when considering its original meanings. Even under the constant attempt to concealed them, being through the creation of an imaginary in which they no longer exist in the Brazilian agrarian reality, or through the non compliance of rules already pre-established and that enhance its unveiling, they continue to exist in our current concrete reality. In this way, what was verified was that the standardization of interpretative concepts of the agrarian reality tends to be done following interests of a minority class, which is politically dominant. Because of that, while implication of its acting, it is formatted, equally, the covering up of all the contradictory process of development of capitalism in the countryside, of all the appropriation process of the social added value, result of the class monopoly practiced by land proprietors and capitalists, and is conditioned to the stagnation of actions and could put in check the issue of the concentrated land structure maintenance in Brazil, which generates agrarian conflicts and the non compliance of environmental and labor legislations in the country.