Ruanda e Sudão : uma análise pós-colonial ao comportamento da comunidade internacional nos casos de genocídio.

Abstract

The Africa’s colonization process by the Europe’s modern State during XIV century was justified by utilization of the natural resources of these territory and european cultural values transfer for african people. At the XX centuty, had started the independence’s process of the african nation, but these new countrys were formed on the territory bases built of the european colonizers’ interests and despised the cultural, ethnic and religion differences of the community place. Rival groups were placed on the same territory while people of the same ethnic were separated and that caused huge ethnic conflicts. The research problem of this work is identify why the international community interfered differently in cases of genocide happened in Rwanda in 1994 and Sudan, from 2003 to 2011. The general objective is to see how was the operation of the UN and main world powers states, especially those that make up the UNSC. The specific objectives are to present the Post-Colonialism; define the concepts of genocide and humanitarian intervention, relating them to the responsibility to protect; characterize historically the conflicts in Rwanda and Sudan; identify how was the action of the international community; and analyze, through the Post-Colonialism, the reasons that led to a distinct role of the international community in those cases of genocide. It is used the phenomenological method and done a comparative case study. It is found that genocide is the mass murder of people mainly because of racism and ethnic and it comprises no only the fisical violence, but the moral, psychological and institutional too. The state’s sovereignty and the no-intervention are two fundamental concepts of the International Relation, but because the serious cases of human rights’ violation, with the years, it started the notion of the responsability to protect. The international community must react, through humanitarian intervention when the state itself is not able to solve the conflict and protect the population. The Rwanda genocide was happened in 1994 when 800 thousand tutsis were dead by hutus. The Sudan genocide was happened on the Darfur region where groups of arabs attacked Black africans and killed 300 thousand civilians. In the Rwanda case, the international community didn’t considered genocide because so it had the obrigation to interfere and it creates coasts and was against the interests. In the case of Darfur, there were concerning interests, principally to oil in the region, which made the USA recognize the genocide and intervene, while others, such as China and Russia no, to not prejudice their interests. In the comparison between Rwanda and Sudan, there is evident a change between the Rwandan case, which was emblematic and served as a point of inflection, and the Sudanese case in which the entire discourse in favor to the protection of people comes into existence. Still, there remains a discrepancy between theory and practice, perhaps because, as the Post-Colonialism denounced, do not give voice to the colonized people, who suffer from the inhumane practices of violence resulting from colonial rule.