Avaliação da manutenção dos serviços ecossistêmicos fornecidos pela avifauna em área sob interferência de atividade mineradora em leito de curso hídrico.

Abstract

This study investigates the ecological role of birds and their importance in providing ecosystem services for the conservation of biodiversity. The research was structured in two phases: a bibliometric review and an applied field study. The bibliometric analysis (2020–2025) revealed a global landscape led by China and the U.S., focusing on the impacts of agricultural intensification, yet highlighting a lack of direct quantification of the services provided by birdlife. The field study assessed the bird community along the Vacacaí River, comparing areas with (CM) and without sand mining (SM). A total of 104 species (37 families) were recorded, with a sampling efficiency of 82.54% (Jackknife 1). The results indicated greater diversity in the CM area (Shannon-Weaver: 3.317) and greater relative richness in the SM area (Margalef: 9.122). Community structure showed significant seasonal variation (p = 0.029), with NMDS clustering indicating cohesion in winter and dispersion in summer. Insectivores (32.7%) and species with low sensitivity to disturbances (72.4%) predominated. It is concluded that seasonality, and not mining alone, is the main structuring factor of the local community, reinforcing the need for continuous monitoring to maintain ecological functions in the region.