Políticas públicas gaúchas de busca e localização de crianças e adolescentes desaparecidos à luz do direito fundamental social à segurança pública (2018-2024).

Abstract

This dissertation deals with policies for dealing with missing children and adolescents in Rio Grande do Sul. The general objective is to investigate the technical-operational procedures of public security agents, who also act as agents of the Rights Guarantee System - SGD, aimed at searching for and locating missing children and adolescents in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, with a view to improving the instruments for shaping public policies aimed at this area based on data from the period 2018 to 2024. The research problem is: in what way can the technical operational procedures of the agents of the rights guarantee system, as promoters of public security, aimed at searching for and locating missing children and adolescents in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, be improved and formatted as policies aimed at tackling the situation of missing children and adolescents in the light of public security as a fundamental social right, based on data from the period 2018 to 2024? The methodology used consists of the deductive approach method, the monographic procedure method and bibliographic and documentary research techniques. The research is linked to the Policies and Social Inclusion line of research, since the phenomenon of disappearance is uniquely connected to concepts linked to public security from the perspective of a fundamental social right, as well as being linked to the violation of multiple rights - including social rights - of the missing child or adolescent, their family and society. The study is linked to the institutional project of the State, Public Administration and Society Research Group of the Postgraduate Program in Law at the University of Santa Cruz do Sul, since the subject goes through concepts of the Democratic Rule of Law, which confers social rights on the population, including the fundamental right to public safety, Public Administration - since it deals with procedures carried out by public agents to search for and locate missing children and adolescents - and Society, since disappearance affects the fundamental social right to public safety, a right that goes beyond the individual, with the social fabric itself as its primary holder. The conclusion is that public security, as a fundamental social right in the Democratic State of Law, must transcend repression and be integrated with social policies in order to guarantee justice and citizenship. In the context of children and adolescents, security agents must act to provide comprehensive protection, overcoming challenges such as training and inter-institutional coordination. The disappearance of children and adolescents in Brazil, especially in Rio Grande do Sul, is a problem aggravated by flaws in data collection, the absence of integrated protocols and a lack of technical and operational procedures. To tackle this scenario, we propose specialized structures for investigating disappearances, integration of policies, police training and budget planning. Academic research must provide the basis for effective policies, and the state must guarantee transparency and intersectoral coordination to prevent disappearances and ensure adequate shelter for victims and their families, reaffirming its commitment to the integral protection of children and adolescents.